Heyvan m\u0259n\u015f\u0259li m\u0259hsullar insan\u0131n qidas\u0131nda x\u00fcsusi yer tutur. Heyvanlar\u0131n sa\u011flam v\u0259 g\u00fcmrah olmalar\u0131 keyfiyy\u0259tli \u0259t v\u0259 s\u00fcd m\u0259hsullar\u0131 \u0259ld\u0259 etm\u0259y\u0259 imkan verir.<\/p>\n
Heyvanlar\u0131n rifah\u0131n\u0131n qorunmas\u0131 onlar\u0131n sa\u011flaml\u0131\u011f\u0131na t\u0259sir ed\u0259n \u0259sas amill\u0259rd\u0259n biridir. Heyvan g\u00fcmrahd\u0131rsa, yax\u015f\u0131 qidalan\u0131rsa, t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259sizdirs\u0259, davran\u0131\u015f\u0131 m\u0259xsus oldu\u011fu n\u00f6v\u0259 xasd\u0131rsa, qorxmursa, a\u011fr\u0131 v\u0259 dig\u0259r stresl\u0259r\u0259 m\u0259ruz qalm\u0131rsa, bu, onlar\u0131n rifah hal\u0131n\u0131n \u0259sas g\u00f6st\u0259ricisidir. Heyvanlar yaln\u0131z m\u0259hsul \u201cistehsal\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131\u201d deyil, eyni zamanda iqtisadi v\u0259 sosial probleml\u0259rin t\u0259nziml\u0259nm\u0259sind\u0259 \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tli rolu olan canl\u0131 varl\u0131qlard\u0131r. Odur ki, b\u00fct\u00fcn hallarda heyvan rifah\u0131n\u0131n qorunmas\u0131na diqq\u0259t yetirilm\u0259lidir. X\u00fcsusil\u0259 d\u0259 qida m\u0259hsulu \u0259ld\u0259 etm\u0259k m\u0259qs\u0259dil\u0259 yeti\u015fdiril\u0259n heyvanlar\u0131n t\u0259bii h\u0259yat t\u0259rzi t\u0259min edilm\u0259li v\u0259 fizioloji durumuna m\u0259nfi t\u0259sir g\u00f6st\u0259rilm\u0259d\u0259n istismar olunmal\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130qtisadi inki\u015faf s\u0259viyy\u0259si, m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259t v\u0259 dini inanclar bax\u0131m\u0131ndan d\u00fcnyan\u0131n m\u00fcxt\u0259lif \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 heyvan rifah\u0131 anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131na f\u0259rqli yana\u015fmalar m\u00f6vcuddur. Art\u0131q inki\u015faf etmi\u015f \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 heyvanlar\u0131n rifah i\u00e7\u0259risind\u0259 yeti\u015fdirilm\u0259sin\u0259 nail olunmas\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u201cHeyvan rifah\u0131\u201d konsepsiyas\u0131 q\u0259bul edilmi\u015fdir. Bu bar\u0259d\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan Qida T\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259sizliyi \u0130nstitutunun Elmi-t\u0259dqiqat v\u0259 riskl\u0259rin qiym\u0259tl\u0259ndirilm\u0259si departamentinin Heyvan sa\u011flaml\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015f\u00f6b\u0259sinin m\u00fct\u0259x\u0259ssisl\u0259ri Q.C\u0259lladov v\u0259 \u00c7.S\u00fcleymanovan\u0131n m\u0259qal\u0259sind\u0259 deyilir.<\/p>\n
Bir s\u0131ra stres amill\u0259ri heyvan orqanizmind\u0259 m\u00fcdafi\u0259 funksiyas\u0131n\u0131n oyanmas\u0131na s\u0259b\u0259b olur. H\u0259dd\u0259n art\u0131q isti v\u0259 ya soyu\u011fa m\u0259ruzqalma, acl\u0131q, yor\u011funluq, y\u00fcks\u0259k s\u0259s, h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259tsizlik, qeyri-q\u0259na\u0259tb\u0259x\u015f saxlanma \u015f\u0259raiti, birt\u0259r\u0259fli v\u0259 ya keyfiyy\u0259tsiz yeml\u0259m\u0259, x\u0259st\u0259likl\u0259r\u0259 yoluxma, kobud r\u0259ftar v\u0259 s. heyvanlarda stres yaradan amill\u0259rdir. Bu amill\u0259rin t\u0259siri il\u0259 heyvanlarda m\u0259hsuldarl\u0131q g\u00f6st\u0259ricil\u0259ri azalmaqla yana\u015f\u0131, m\u0259hsullar\u0131n keyfiyy\u0259tind\u0259 d\u0259 arzuolunmaz d\u0259yi\u015fiklikl\u0259r ba\u015f verir. Bu s\u0131raya qanda konsentrasiyas\u0131 artan adrenalin v\u0259 noradrenalin hormonlar\u0131n\u0131n t\u0259sirind\u0259n ql\u00fckoza v\u0259 ya\u011f tur\u015fular\u0131n\u0131n orqanizmd\u0259 toplanmas\u0131 prosesinin, el\u0259c\u0259 d\u0259 z\u00fclal sintezinin pozulmas\u0131n\u0131, n\u0259bzin artmas\u0131n\u0131, h\u0259zmin, fizioloji inki\u015faf\u0131n v\u0259 immun sisteminin z\u0259ifl\u0259m\u0259sini v\u0259 s. aid etm\u0259k olar. Stres amill\u0259ri heyvanlar\u0131n balaverm\u0259 qabiliyy\u0259tin\u0259 d\u0259 m\u0259nfi t\u0259sir g\u00f6st\u0259rir.<\/p>\n
Havan\u0131n temperaturunun da heyvan rifah\u0131n\u0131n pozulmas\u0131nda rolu b\u00f6y\u00fckd\u00fcr. Temperatur k\u0259skin \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 artd\u0131qda heyvanlar b\u0259d\u0259n h\u0259rar\u0259tini \u00e7\u0259tinlikl\u0259 nizamlasa da istilik stresi ke\u00e7irirl\u0259r. Bu zaman bo\u011faz heyvanlarda d\u00f6l\u00fcn inki\u015faf\u0131n\u0131n z\u0259ifl\u0259m\u0259si v\u0259 sa\u011fmal heyvanlarda s\u00fcd m\u0259hsuldarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n azalmas\u0131 m\u00fc\u015fahid\u0259 edilir. Laktasiya d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259 olan heyvanlar\u0131n orqanizmind\u0259 istilik amill\u0259rinin t\u0259siri il\u0259 prolaktin hormonunun dinamikas\u0131nda kataklizml\u0259r (artma v\u0259 ya azalma) ba\u015f verir. Bu da heyvan\u0131n fizioloji v\u0259ziyy\u0259tinin pozulmas\u0131na s\u0259b\u0259b olur.<\/p>\n
T\u0259s\u0259rr\u00fcfatda vahid sah\u0259d\u0259 saxlan\u0131lan heyvanlar\u0131n say\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ox olmas\u0131 da onlarda narahatl\u0131q yarad\u0131r. Heyvanlar uzun m\u00fcdd\u0259t ayaq \u00fcstd\u0259 dayand\u0131qda \u0259traf v\u0259 d\u0131rnaq probleml\u0259ri yarana bilir. Heyvanlar\u0131n s\u0131x saxlanmas\u0131 is\u0259 onlar\u0131n ortaq istifad\u0259 etdiyi yem v\u0259 su m\u0259nb\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 r\u0259qab\u0259t yarad\u0131r. Bel\u0259 \u015f\u0259raitd\u0259 heyvanlar yet\u0259rinc\u0259 qidalana bilmirl\u0259r. X\u00fcsusil\u0259 bo\u011faz heyvanlar\u0131n saxlanma-b\u0259sl\u0259nm\u0259 \u015f\u0259raitin\u0259 diqq\u0259t yetirilm\u0259lidir. S\u0131x saxlanma \u015f\u0259raiti heyvanlar aras\u0131nda x\u0259st\u0259likl\u0259rin yaranma v\u0259 yay\u0131lma riskini d\u0259 art\u0131r\u0131r. Bu da ba\u015f ver\u0259 bil\u0259c\u0259k x\u0259st\u0259likl\u0259rin qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 almaq m\u0259qs\u0259dil\u0259 antibiotikl\u0259rin izafi istifad\u0259sin\u0259, h\u0259m\u00e7inin patogen bakteriyalarda antibiotikl\u0259r\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131 rezistentliyin yaranmas\u0131na s\u0259b\u0259b olur. \u0130stifad\u0259 edil\u0259n antibiotikl\u0259r qal\u0131q \u015f\u0259klind\u0259 heyvan m\u0259n\u015f\u0259li qida m\u0259hsullar\u0131nda toplan\u0131r ki, bu da insan sa\u011flaml\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259 yarad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Heyvan orqanizmind\u0259 \u0259z\u0259l\u0259 f\u0259aliyy\u0259ti \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn t\u0259l\u0259b olunan enerji \u0259z\u0259l\u0259 \u015f\u0259k\u0259rinin (qlikogen) par\u00e7alanmas\u0131 hesab\u0131na t\u0259min olunur. K\u0259sim\u0259 apar\u0131lan sa\u011flam v\u0259 dinc heyvanlar\u0131n \u0259z\u0259l\u0259 toxumas\u0131nda qlikogenin miqdar\u0131 y\u00fcks\u0259k olur. Heyvan k\u0259sildikd\u0259n sonra qlikogenin s\u00fcd tur\u015fusuna \u00e7evrilm\u0259si il\u0259 \u0259tin yeti\u015fm\u0259si prosesi ba\u015f verir. Bu s\u0259b\u0259bd\u0259n d\u0259 \u0259t dadl\u0131, yum\u015faq, keyfiyy\u0259tli v\u0259 parlaq r\u0259ngli olur. K\u0259simd\u0259n \u0259vv\u0259l v\u0259 k\u0259sim zaman\u0131 heyvan stres amill\u0259rin\u0259 m\u0259ruz qald\u0131\u011f\u0131 halda qlikogenin v\u0259 s\u00fcd tur\u015fusunun \u0259m\u0259l\u0259g\u0259lm\u0259 prosesi pozuldu\u011fundan \u0259tin keyfiyy\u0259ti a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr. M\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n edilmi\u015fdir ki, stres\u0259 m\u0259ruz qalm\u0131\u015f heyvanlardan \u0259ld\u0259 olunan \u0259t m\u0259hsulunda 18-24 saat \u0259rzind\u0259 soyudulduqda iki \u0259sas q\u00fcsur – PSE (Pale, Soft, Exudative – Sol\u011fun, Yum\u015faq, Eksudativ \u0259t teksturas\u0131) v\u0259 DFD (Dark, Firm, Dry – T\u00fcnd, S\u0259rt, Quru \u0259t teksturas\u0131) meydana \u00e7\u0131x\u0131r. Odur ki, keyfiyy\u0259tli \u0259t istehsal\u0131na nail olmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn k\u0259sim\u0259 g\u0259tiril\u0259n heyvanlarla humanist davran\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Heyvanlar\u0131n n\u0259qliyyat vasit\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 y\u00fckl\u0259nm\u0259si, da\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131, bo\u015fald\u0131lmas\u0131 v\u0259 k\u0259simi zaman\u0131 onlarla kobud davran\u0131lmamal\u0131 v\u0259 k\u0259simd\u0259n \u0259vv\u0259l dinc\u0259lm\u0259si t\u0259min edilm\u0259lidir. T\u0259dqiqat i\u015fl\u0259ri il\u0259 s\u00fcbuta yetirilmi\u015fdir ki, heyvana k\u0259simd\u0259n \u0259vv\u0259l dinclik verilm\u0259si \u0259z\u0259l\u0259d\u0259ki qlikogenin konsentrasiyas\u0131n\u0131n m\u0259qbul s\u0259viyy\u0259d\u0259 olmas\u0131na v\u0259 dehidratasiyan\u0131n (susuzla\u015fma) azalmas\u0131na m\u00fcsb\u0259t t\u0259sir edir.<\/p>\n
T\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259siz v\u0259 sa\u011flam qida m\u0259hsullar\u0131n\u0131n \u0259ld\u0259 edilm\u0259si \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn k\u0259nd t\u0259s\u0259rr\u00fcfat\u0131 heyvanlar\u0131n\u0131n rifah\u0131n\u0131n t\u0259min olunmas\u0131nda bir s\u0131ra amill\u0259r m\u00fctl\u0259q n\u0259z\u0259r\u0259 al\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r. X\u00fcsus\u0259n d\u0259 heyvanlar\u0131n yem v\u0259 su il\u0259 kifay\u0259t q\u0259d\u0259r t\u0259minat\u0131, d\u00fczg\u00fcn saxlan\u0131lma v\u0259 b\u0259sl\u0259nilm\u0259 \u015f\u0259raiti, h\u0259m\u00e7inin x\u0259st\u0259likl\u0259rd\u0259n v\u0259 z\u0259d\u0259l\u0259nm\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259n, dig\u0259r stres yaradan amill\u0259rd\u0259n qorunmas\u0131 vacibdir. Bel\u0259likl\u0259, yaln\u0131z rifah\u0131 t\u0259min edilm\u0259kl\u0259 sa\u011flam heyvan yeti\u015fdirilm\u0259sin\u0259 nail olmaq m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. \u018fhalinin t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259siz v\u0259 keyfiyy\u0259tli heyvan m\u0259n\u015f\u0259li qida m\u0259hsullar\u0131 il\u0259 t\u0259min olunmas\u0131nda is\u0259 heyvan sa\u011flaml\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u0259sas \u015f\u0259rtdir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Heyvan m\u0259n\u015f\u0259li m\u0259hsullar insan\u0131n qidas\u0131nda x\u00fcsusi yer tutur. Heyvanlar\u0131n sa\u011flam v\u0259 g\u00fcmrah olmalar\u0131 keyfiyy\u0259tli \u0259t v\u0259 s\u00fcd m\u0259hsullar\u0131 \u0259ld\u0259 etm\u0259y\u0259…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":155871,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[23,6,2,4,5],"tags":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/hakimiyyet.info.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/155870"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/hakimiyyet.info.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/hakimiyyet.info.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hakimiyyet.info.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hakimiyyet.info.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=155870"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/hakimiyyet.info.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/155870\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":155872,"href":"https:\/\/hakimiyyet.info.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/155870\/revisions\/155872"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hakimiyyet.info.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/155871"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/hakimiyyet.info.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=155870"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hakimiyyet.info.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=155870"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hakimiyyet.info.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=155870"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}